Suchergebnisse

A constitutional focus is applied to a consideration of the concept of "the people" & their role in Australia's evolving deliberative democracy in light of the persistence of the monarchy in the body politic. Following a brief explication of the concept of "the people" & their ambiguous position in the Australian constitutional landscape, a particular manifestation of the people is examined in terms of the constitutional notions of sovereignty & public trust. It is contended that these approaches offer an adequate understanding of the foundational role of the people; however, using this idea in other than an aspiration form foregrounds issues of political representation & democracy. Attention is given to Dicey's notions of parliamentary sovereignty & supreme court challenges to it, before addressing Australian republicanism & the public trust vis-a-vis the judiciary. J. Zendejas

This study used time series analysis of 21 years (1970- 1990) of school productivity data from Virginia to demonstrate the usefulness of time series models in describing variations in school input (primarily expenditures) and output (primarily student attainment and achievement) variables. In the study, a series of trend-removed, ARIMA(1,0,0) autoregressive time series models for school input variables were developed to describe long-term trends in school expenditures, instructional salaries and pupil/teacher ratios and to account for year to year variation in levels of school inputs. Residuals from these models for school inputs were correlated with student attainment scores and achievement score residuals with student ability removed to identify those school productivity inputs having the strongest association with school outputs. The scores of input variables having strong associations with school outputs were then plotted over the 1970-90 time period and descriptively related to historical records of legislative and administrative policy decisions thought to have had statewide effects on school productivity in Virginia. The association of school productivity relationship changes with actual policy events was then described. All school input variables could be described with time series accounting for 90+% of the year to year variance in inputs. Time series residuals from expenditures, instructional salaries and pupil/teacher ratio inputs were moderately to strongly associated with two output measures: 1) the percent of Virginia school graduates attending college; and 2) the percent of dropouts, in most Virginia (30 < N < 100) school districts. These inputs shared 20 to 40% of their variance in common with school attainment outputs. School input residuals for local expenditures and pupil/teacher ratio were also strongly associated with reading, math, and language arts achievement residuals in a small number (N=2- 31) of Virginia school districts. Stronger relationships between inputs and achievement scores in greater numbers of Virginia school districts may be revealed when more years of data are available for future analysis. Plots of significant school input variables concurrently with school outputs and historical policy change events suggested that at least three policy change events may have had positive long term effects on school productivity in Virginia from 1970-90. Legislative commitment to a reduction in pupil/teacher ratio in the early 1980's seems to be associated with a long term decrease in dropout rates and increases in college attendance among students in most Virginia school districts. Commitment to higher teacher salaries in the same time period also seems to be associated with positive changes in college attendance and reductions in dropout rates. Finally, the long term expansion of total educational expenditures in Virginia, primarily through adoption of special education, health education, and dropout prevention curriculum initiatives, seems to be associated with rising levels of student promotion rates, percent of ninth grade students graduating and percent of students attending college from 1970-90. ; Ph. D.

Imagining cities / Sallie Westwood and John Williams --- Part I. Theorising cities. 1. Six discourses on the postmetropolis / Edward W. Soja -- 2. Imagining the real-time city: telecommunications, urban paradigms and the future of cities / Stephen Graham -- 3. Chaotic places or complex places? Cities in a post-industrial era / David Byrne --- Part II. Racial/spatial imaginaries. 4. Out of the melting pot into the fire next time: imagining the east end as city, body, text / Phil Cohen -- 5. White governmentality: urbanism, nationalism, racism / Barnor Hesse -- 6. Migrant spaces and settlers' time: forming and de-forming an inner city / Max Farrar --- Part III. Nostalgia/memory. 7. Looking backward, nostalgia and the city / Elizabeth Wilson -- 8. Authenticity and suburbia / David Chaney -- 9. 'Proper Little Mesters': nostalgia and protest masculinity in de-industrialised Sheffield / Ian Taylor and Ruth Jamieson --- Part IV. Narrating cityscapes. 10. This, here, now: imagining the modern city / James Donald -- 11. (Re) placing the city: cultural relocation and the city as centre / Tim Hall -- 12. Anglicising the American dream: tragedy, farce and the 'postmodern' city / Julie Charlesworth and Allan Cochrane --- Part V. Virtual cities. 13. Cyberpunk as social theory: William Gibson and the sociological imagination / Roger Burrows -- 14. Cities, subjectivity and cyberspace / Graham B. Mcbeath and Stephen A. Webb.